After that 2nd blog post, participants done an extra short term questionnaire including an equivalent activities due to the fact basic to the review of one’s culprit. A final area worried participants’ level of political notice, governmental thinking-position with the ten-point remaining–right continuum, sex, decades, section of household and you can knowledge.
Members was at random assigned to certainly one of six fresh standards derived about 2 (perpetrator’s gender) ? 3 (repairs strategy) anywhere between people factorial build.
All the methods performed in this research was according to the moral requirements of national browse panel along with the 1964 Helsinki endments.
Assessment of governmental actor
Players said its around the globe thoughts to your fictitious politician towards a beneficial 10-point size (step 1 = totally negative in order to 10 = entirely self-confident) double, just after during the T1 (post-scandal) and once in the T2 (post–defensive reaction). The effectiveness of this new protective strategy during the repairing profile was caught from change in investigations of your protagonist.
Evaluation of one’s politician’s communality and institution pre and post their or their excuse of scandal
The fresh respondents examined the latest scandal Oxnard CA escort service perpetrator to your a 5-section level anywhere between 1 (not really) in order to 5 (truly) twice, just after pursuing the scandal (T1) as soon as following the perpetrator’s protective reaction (T2). People ranked the new culprit to your around three adjectives each with the communality aspect (sincere, practical and you will empathetic) and company dimensions (calculated, competent and you may good; elizabeth.grams., Bauer 2017 ). The brand new indicator built on the fresh new imply points reached high enough accuracy: ? communality blog post-scandal = 0.80; ? communality post-reason = 0.74; ? agencies blog post-scandal = 0.63; ? company post-justification = 0.67.
Performance
Original regression analyses including the politician’s appeal, respondents’ gender, respondents’ political orientation, respondents’ amounts of need for politics and respondents’ criterion towards comparative trustworthiness of women and you can males did not produce one head nor correspondence influence on the brand new based variables. Therefore, they don’t meet the requirements during the next analyses.
We tested H1 using a 3 (type of defensive tactic) ? 2 (perpetrator’s gender) ANOVA on the global attitude toward the politician after his/her defensive reaction including the previous attitude (T1) as a covariate. The hypothesised two-way interaction between the independent variables proved to be the only significant effect, F (2, 185) = 6.06; p = 0.003; ? 2 p = 0.06 (Figure 1 ). Further inspection of this interaction revealed that the ‘diffusion of responsibility with accusation of another person’ was effective only when used by the man, simple slope = 0.11, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.03, 0.19], whereas the ‘excuses with claims of mitigating circumstances’ was effective only when used by the woman, simple slope = 0.09, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.17]. Finally, contrary to our expectations, ‘mortification with request for forgiveness’ did not vary its efficacy as a function of the politician’s gender, simple slope = 0.00, SE = 0.04, 95% CI [–0.08, 0.08].
Imply all over the world thinking with the a great scandal culprit since a function of his/her intercourse and the verbal strategy accustomed protect your/herself.
Regarding H2, the ANOVA including the agentic and communal dimensions measured at T2 as a repeated factor (and those measured at T1 as covariates) revealed the main effect of the repeated factor, F (1, 184) = 9.13, p = 0.003, ? 2 p = 0.05, signalling that the defensive reactions were globally more effective in improving the perpetrator agentic traits (M = 0.30, SD = 0.17) than the communal ones (M = 0.27, SD = 0.18). This analysis also elicited the two-way interaction between the type of defensive tactic and the repeated factor, F (1, 184) = 9.13, p 2 p = 0.14, indicating that the ‘diffusion of responsibility’ improved the evaluation of the perpetrator on agentic traits more than the other defensive tactics, that did not differ from each other at the LSD post-hoc test, whereas none of the tactics differed from each other as for the efficacy in improving the perceived perpetrator communality. In addition, the two-way interaction between the gender of the politician and the repeated factor, F (1, 184) = , p 2 p = 0.15 showed that the defensive reactions, irrespective of the type, improved the communality traits of the female politician (M = 0.31, SD = 0.19) more than those of the male one (M = 0.23; SD = 0.17), simple slope = 0.06, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [0.02, 0.10], whereas they were equally effective in improving the agentic traits of the male politician (M = 0.32, SD = 0.18) and those of the female one (M = 0.28, SD = 0.16), simple slope = 0.04; SE = 0.02, 95% CI [–0.01, 0.08].