So it opinion summarizes browse on the disorders away from address development during the Off problem (DS) into purposes of telling medical characteristics and you will powering coming browse.
Approach
Breakdown of the latest literary works was based on looks using MEDLINE, Yahoo Pupil, PsycINFO, and you can HighWire Push, plus thought off source directories within the retrieved files (and on line supplies). Search terms showcased characteristics about voice, articulation, phonology, prosody, fluency, and intelligibility.
Results
The next conclusions pertain to five big aspects of feedback: voice, address musical, fluency and you can prosody, and you may intelligibility. The first major town is actually voice. Whether or not an abundance of research has advertised for the vocal problems into the DS, big inquiries will still be about the nature and you will frequency of your phonatory disease. Result of perceptual and you can acoustic research has become blended, it is therefore tough to draw enterprise results or to pick painful and sensitive tips to own future study. Next significant area was speech sounds. Articulatory and you can phonological studies show you to message designs when you look at the DS is a variety of put-off development and you may errors not seen in regular advancement. Delayed (i.e., developmental) and you will disordered (we.elizabeth., nondevelopmental) patterns is actually apparent by the age about 36 months, although DS-associated abnormalities maybe appear prior to, even yet in infant babbling. The third significant urban area are fluency and prosody. Stuttering and you can/or cluttering occur in DS from the costs away from 10%–45%, compared to in the step 1% throughout the standard society. Research in addition to points to significant disruptions inside the prosody. The brand new last big urban area is actually intelligibility. Education consistently tell you noted restrictions in this field, but just recently has the look gone beyond easy get bills.
References
(2011). A peek at lookup into the address intelligibility and you will correlations with acoustic features [Technical Report CSLU-11-002] (pp. 1–16). Portland, Otherwise : Center to own Spoken Code Skills, Company out-of Biomedical Technology, Oregon Wellness Science College .
(2009). Phonological reliability and you may intelligibility inside connected speech regarding men with sensitive X problem otherwise Down syndrome. Diary away from Address, Code, and you may Reading Research, 52, 1048–1061.
(2006). A comparison of dental framework and you may oral-engine form in younger people that have delicate X disorder and Down syndrome. Record away from Speech, Language, and Hearing Lookup, 44, 903–917.
(1983). Good noninvasive acoustic method having fun with regularity perturbations and you may desktop-produced singing-system shapes. Journal regarding Message and Reading Look, 26, 304–314.
(1976). An analysis of one’s anatomic variations in individual trisomy centered on dissections from 21- and you will 18-trisomes. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University off Wisconsin-Madison
(1980). Anatomical research of one’s developmental aftereffects of aneuploidy in son: The latest Down disorder. Western Log regarding Scientific Genes, 5, 399–420.
(2007). Metric investigation of one’s difficult palate in kids that have Down disorder: A comparative data. Off Problem Research and practice, twelve, 55–59.
(1988). The language experience of children that have Down’s syndrome old a dozen so you’re able to 16 ages. Guy Words Knowledge and you can Treatment, 4, 311–324.
(2009). To your relationships anywhere between palate contour and you can articulatory choices. The brand new Record of your Acoustical Area out-of The united states, 125, 3936–3949.
(2002). Speech creation mistakes when you look at the adults having and you can without Down problem following spoken, written, and you will pictorial signs. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 157–172.
(2011). A review off articulatory working place city in the vowel production of people with Off problem. Medical Linguistics Phonetics, twenty-five, 321–334. doi:47
(2007). Phonetic intelligibility evaluation in the people with Down disorder. Off Problem Browse Behavior: The Record of one’s Sarah Duffen Hub/University 
out of Portsmouth, 12, 230–239.
(1999). Phonological feeling skills inside four-year-old British people: An evaluation and you can normative investigation. Global Record away from Vocabulary and Communications Conditions, 34, 311–335.
(2003). A several-season longitudinal examination of palatal dish treatment in children with Down syndrome: Consequences on the oral engine means, articulation and communication choices. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 61, 39–46.